If you’ve always considered fatty liver disease to be an alcoholic’s burden, you may want to think again. There are actually 2 types of fatty liver disease – alcohol-induced and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Around 30% of Asian adults suffer from one of the 2 forms, and a recent study done by SingHealth suggests that the rate in Singapore could be even higher. Too much fat in the liver Fatty liver vs healthy liverIf you have the disease, it means you have too much fat in your liver, which makes it less efficient at flushing out toxins from the body. More seriously, the disease can lead to liver scarring and eventually liver failure which is irreversible, so knowing how to lower your risk is valuable information indeed. While excessive alcohol consumption obviously plays a role in you falling foul of alcohol-induced fatty liver disease, other bad lifestyle choices increase your risk of developing NAFLD. Causes of fatty liver disease While the exact cause is not clear, NAFLD is often diagnosed in people who are obese, lead a sedentary lifestyle and consume a diet high in processed foods. Patients with NAFLD also tend to have high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.Change your diet: Food and drinks that are good for the liver The good news is you can adapt your diet to reduce your risks for both types of the disease. If you are overweight, you should target to lose at least 10% of your body weight by switching to a lower-calorie diet. You can do this by increasing your intake of fresh vegetables, fruit and high-fibre plants, and by reducing your consumption of added sugar, salt, trans fat, refined carbohydrates and alcohol. Easier said than done, we know, which is why we’ve put together a little cheat sheet for you on foods that can help you reach your weight goals and combat fatty liver. Greens Fatty liver and greens If you are yet to be convinced of the health benefits of doing what your mum always urged and eating your vegetables, here’s one more reason to munch down on beans, spinach, Brussel sprouts and more greens: tests have shown that broccoli helps to prevent the build-up of fat in the liver. Eating any greens can help you lose weight, which in turn will help your liver. It also gives you early satiety or a feeling fullness and is low in calories. In addition, its fibre-rich content can help you lower your blood cholesterol levels. Fish Ironically, eating fatty fish helps combat a fatty liver. Salmon, sardines, tuna, and trout are all high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower the levels of fat in the liver and reduce inflammation. It is also a healthy alternative to meat as it provides protein while giving you the opportunity to avoid consuming the fats and skins from meat or poultry. Walnuts If you are not a keen fish eater, you can still get your omega-3 fatty acids from walnuts. They are great to eat as a healthy snack, add to your stir fry for that extra texture or sprinkle over your favourite salad. Limit your portion to a small handful per day. Flaxseed oil Fatty liver and flaxseed oil When you need to control your weight and lower liver enzyme levels, you can’t go wrong by reducing the amount of fat and oil in your diet and choosing healthier, unsaturated oils. Flaxseed oil is an example of unsaturated oil, and it is also a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. You can dash it over a salad, drizzle over bread or use as a light frying oil to add a distinct flavour to all your dishes without you feeling guilty for the indulgence. Avocado Now we are starting to see a pattern. Here’s another delicious food choice that’s high in healthy fat, yet great for heart and liver health. Avocado appears to contain chemicals that might slow liver damage. Spread a small amount over toast with lemon juice and black pepper, add to a sandwich or wrap, or get really adventurous with the many avocado recipes you can find online. Milk Protein helps repair body tissue, and milk is a great source of protein. Go for skimmed or fat-free versions. If you don’t enjoy drinking it plain, why not splash it on a healthy oatmeal breakfast in the morning to set yourself up for the day? Coffee Fatty liver and coffee Coffee often gets a bad rap, but the good news is that it isn’t always the enemy to health it’s sometimes made out to be. Coffee appears to lower the amount of abnormal liver enzymes in people at risk for liver diseases. Just make sure you do not add unnecessary creamer or sugar which increases the calories. Instead, use low fat milk and artificial sweeteners if you cannot fight your sweet tooth. Sunflower seeds Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that could protect the liver from damage, and sunflower seeds are a tasty little source of this important vitamin. Not only do they offer protection, but they add a wonderful texture when sprinkled over a salad, or to munch on as a healthy mid-day snack. Just keep it to small amounts. Garlic If you are not a great fan of garlic, garlic powder supplements may be your answer to reducing fat levels, if experimental studies are to be believed. Nevertheless, garlic helps flavour your dishes, so you don’t end up using too much sauce, which adds calories and salt. Green tea Fatty liver and green tea New studies seem to point to green tea reducing fat storage in the liver and improving liver function. While this research is in its early stages, there’s no harm in drinking green tea anyway for all the health benefits we know it has, including lowering cholesterol and helping you sleep – and a regular good night’s sleep does wonders for keeping your weight down too. So there you have it – 10 … Read more

The Kangana-Hrithik spat seems to have remerged, with the former accusing Hrithik of disrespectful behaviour following their very public showdown circa 2016. Slighted by team Hrithik’s leaking of Kangana’s private mails to the public, the actress spoke at length about the humiliation and emotional trauma she faced during the ordeal. Hrithik, who was married to Suzanne Khan at the time of the alleged affair, refused to acknowledge that there was a relationship between the two in the first place. If Kangana’s allegations are true, then it is understandable why she hasn’t let the bygones be bygones even after all these years. Apart from being humiliated, she also has to nurse the heartbreak following her former paramour’s indifference towards their alleged relationship. While sympathy and support have poured in for the actress from most quarters, some people have also questioned her decision to pursue a married man. If she went ahead with the affair knowing that he had a family, she somehow had it coming. But the truth is far more complicated that says Mumbai-based Psychiatrist Dr Sanghanayak Meshram. “We often don’t get to chose whom we fall in love with,” he adds. This explains why more and more single women are finding it hard to resist chasing the forbidden — the allure of an affair with a married man. Dr Meshram helps us decode seven reasons why women are drawn towards married men. Also Read Emotional infidelity: How you can spot it and move on Oxytocin: The love hormone that saves your marriage and heals your wounds too Here’s why extramarital affair is bad for a marriage More NewsWith married men, there are no strings attached When a woman gets into an affair with a married man, sometimes, there is no expectation of a serious relationship. “Women, especially those living in the metros may not want a relationship, following past bad experiences in their love life. So they don’t expect a stable, conventional relationship,” says the doctor. These days, women may want to focus on other things like a career or studies. So it is quite possible that a relationship is nowhere on her list of priorities. “While they do look towards some kind of emotional support, women don’t want to date single men because there is a chance it may develop into a relationship. So by being with a married man, she can enjoy a no-strings-attached sort of relationship that may not turn into anything serious,” says Dr Meshram. Women idealise married men The dating game can be very puzzling to women who may have encountered one too many men with commitment phobia. The other extreme is also very likely. A married man comes across as someone who is capable of commitment, which increases his appeal. “Being married means he is accustomed to living with a woman and understanding how they think and function. Which makes him slightly better placed than single men when it comes to understanding women. So he may come across as someone who is more mature,” says Dr Meshram. (Read: 5 things that make your partner cheat) The doctor has a point. A study published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology1 explores the idea of ‘Male poaching’ which shows that single women were more interested in chasing a man who is attached (in a relationship or married). He says, “Many women may also judge married men by how they dote on their wives in public (irrespective of their actual dynamics behind closed doors). This may make him seem like a caring, thoughtful companion, hence irresistible to women. So it creates an image of an ideal husband in their minds.” Attention from married men is flattery Women love attention from married men, mainly because he appears to be risking his marriage. This can be a tremendous ego boost to some women. For inexplicable reasons, women also tend to value compliments coming from married men more than those from single men according to Dr Meshram. “When a single man compliments a woman, she may misconstrue it as his tactic to get her into bed. But with married men, she is surprisingly more trusting since she believes that they have no ulterior motive, other than wanting to genuinely appreciate her.” Get it? Because he is married. (Read: Signs that he is going to dump you) Married men appear to be more in control of their lives Often, married men are more settled in life. Since they are married, they may hold steady jobs, have a house of their own and are financially more stable than their single counterparts. Women may be responding to a deep evolutionary need by being attracted to men who can provide for them. Dr Meshram adds, “Married men are mostly settled in life. So, the idea of him risking his social status to be with her can be irresistible to a woman. For example, he may not want to be seen in public with her. So, she will make small sacrifices by adjusting to his demands.” Women buy into their lies Almost all women who have had affairs with married men will tell you the same story: He was unhappy in his marriage; his wife doesn’t understand him; they stopped having sex long ago; he was never in love with his wife; his wife was torturing him; I am the only one who understands him. These are some of the commonest excuses men use to lure women into having affairs with them. “A married man may lie when he knows that the woman has started to idolise him. He tries to generate sympathy in her mind and uses pain to create a connection,” says Dr Meshram. These excuses also help him justify his affair to the new woman. Married men are the forbidden fruit “There is always the thrill of doing something forbidden. The risk of getting caught, hiding the affair with from family and friends and stealing away to some far off place where the two of them can be alone can … Read more

Bananas are one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and for good reason. Not only are they naturally delicious and versatile, but they are also packed with essential nutrients that can profoundly benefit your body. Incorporating a banana into your daily diet is a simple yet effective way to enhance your overall health and well-being. Curious about how this humble fruit can impact your body? Let’s dive into the science-backed benefits of eating a banana every day. Boost Energy Levels Bananas are often referred to as nature’s energy bars—and for good reason. With their combination of natural sugars, such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and complex carbohydrates, bananas provide a quick and sustained energy boost. This makes them an ideal snack for athletes or anyone needing a mid-day pick-me-up. Additionally, the presence of vitamin B6 in bananas helps convert food into energy, making you feel more alert and active throughout the day. A single banana contains about 3 grams of fiber, which is approximately 10% of your recommended daily intake. Dietary fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. Bananas are particularly rich in soluble fiber, which can help soften stools and prevent constipation. Moreover, bananas act as natural prebiotics, nourishing the good bacteria in your gut. This supports a balanced microbiome, which is crucial for overall digestive health. Bananas are a powerhouse of potassium, a vital mineral for heart health. Potassium helps regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of sodium and relaxing blood vessel walls. By eating a banana every day, you can lower your risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. Additionally, the fiber in bananas has been shown to lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, further reducing the risk of heart disease. Enhance Brain Function Promote Healthy Skin Your brain’s ability to function efficiently depends on a steady supply of nutrients, and bananas deliver several key ones. The vitamin B6 in bananas aids in the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which are essential for mood regulation. Additionally, the magnesium and potassium content in bananas supports proper neural function, helping you stay focused and alert. Regular consumption of bananas may even improve memory and cognitive performance over time. Improve Bone Health While bananas don’t contain high levels of calcium, they are rich in nutrients that indirectly support bone health. For instance, bananas contain magnesium, which aids in calcium absorption. They are also an excellent source of potassium, which helps prevent the loss of calcium from bones, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, bananas are a good source of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen production and maintaining the structural integrity of bones. Aid in Weight Management If you’re looking to manage your weight, bananas can be a helpful addition to your diet. They are naturally low in calories—a medium banana has about 105 calories—and high in fiber, which helps you feel full longer. The resistant starch found in unripe bananas can also reduce appetite and promote fat burning. As a naturally sweet fruit, bananas can satisfy your sugar cravings without adding unnecessary calories. Promote Healthy Skin Bananas are a great source of antioxidants, including vitamin C, which combat oxidative stress and reduce signs of aging. Vitamin C also plays a key role in collagen production, keeping your skin firm and youthful. Additionally, the moisture-retaining properties of bananas can hydrate your skin from the inside out. Some people even use mashed bananas as a natural face mask for smoother, more radiant skin. Enhance Mood and Reduce Stress Feeling stressed or down? A banana might help lift your spirits. Bananas are rich in tryptophan, an amino acid that the body converts into serotonin, a mood-regulating neurotransmitter. This can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. The vitamin B6 in bananas also plays a role in the synthesis of serotonin and norepinephrine, contributing to better mood stability. Furthermore, the magnesium content in bananas can help relax muscles and reduce stress levels. Regulate Blood Sugar Levels Despite their natural sweetness, bananas have a relatively low glycemic index (GI), especially when they are not overly ripe. This means they provide a slow, steady release of glucose into the bloodstream, preventing spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels. The fiber in bananas also helps regulate blood sugar by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates. For people with type 2 diabetes or those at risk, a daily banana can be a healthy snack option when eaten in moderation. Support Immune Health Bananas contain several nutrients that are essential for a strong immune system, including vitamin C, vitamin B6, and antioxidants. These nutrients help the body fight off infections and reduce inflammation. The prebiotic properties of bananas also play a role in immune health by fostering a balanced gut microbiome, which is closely linked to overall immunity. Improve Kidney Health Potassium is crucial for kidney function, and bananas are one of the richest natural sources of this mineral. Eating a banana every day can help maintain healthy potassium levels, which, in turn, supports optimal kidney function. Research has shown that people who consume potassium-rich foods regularly have a lower risk of developing kidney stones. Reduce Exercise-Related Muscle Cramps If you’ve ever experienced muscle cramps after a workout, bananas might be the solution. They are rich in electrolytes like potassium and magnesium, which help prevent muscle cramps and soreness. Eating a banana before or after exercise can replenish these vital nutrients and keep your muscles functioning smoothly. Bananas are much more than a convenient snack. They’re a nutrient-dense superfood with the power to transform your health when consumed daily. From improving digestion and heart health to enhancing mood and skin quality, bananas offer a wide array of benefits that make them a must-have in your diet. So, the next time you reach for a snack, consider picking up a banana. Your body will thank you!

I certainly don’t think of myself as an expert in long distance, but rather, experienced in loving someone over a thousand miles away. Otherwise known as a long-distance relationship. Let me take you back to Fall 2019, we went to college together so long distance did not exist, while we are both college athletes, we only lived 5 minutes away, which was so ideal. COVID hit that March 2020, and while there were many negatives, it was the first time we could do normal couple things and not have our sport dictate most of our time, the only problem: he lives in California, and I live in Arizona. It was also at that time I was in the process of transferring colleges and knew once I left, the true distance would start. Yes, some people call a state a way long distance, but I recognize it at short distance.             I moved to the Midwest for my last two years of college, and after my junior year, he got drafted for professional baseball. It was so exciting, but in all honesty, more long distance and we had no idea where he was going until the day he got drafted. I finished up my time in college, and we are currently 1300+ miles away, have a 3-hour time difference, and his schedule has him at the field for 10+ hours a day. How we manage, geez I don’t know, but I wouldn’t have it any other way.             I often see people on social media talking about long distance, or talking with fellow girlfriends and long distance is no easy task. It requires trust, patience, honesty, connecting in different ways, but most importantly, being a person and having a life outside of your significant other. One thing I have found is that long distance requires you to have your own interests and be your own person, achieving your own goals, while having someone you love far away doing the same. We currently cannot achieve our goals at the same location, granted my life is more flexible, but he is on the east coast 7-8 months out of the year for season. So yeah, he doesn’t get to visit me, the only way to see him is for me to spend a day traveling to spend ¾ of my day without him while he is at the field. The best part, I am so thankful for it.             Most of my life consists of long-distance relationships, outside of the relationship with my partner. I have learned the importance of good communication, finding ways to hang out, or go on dates, and not consuming too much of your day talking to them. So, I thought, what better way to talk about this than add a list of tips that get me through long distance. 1.     You are your own person with or without your partner. a.     Having a partner can be a wonderful addition to your life. Key word: ADDITION. Your partner is not your life. Your partner is not your identity. During long distance, use that time to work on your passions, goals, and dreams, while cheering them on in theirs. This is a time where you and your partner can grow together even if you are physically apart. Always remember, you are an individual with your own life and don’t push that aside for your partner, your dreams and goals are just as important. 2.     Agapé a.     I cannot recommend this app enough. My boyfriend and I use it to fill out daily questions about our relationship. I highly recommend this if your love language is words of affirmation, or even if you want something extra to feel loved despite the distance. My boyfriend is pretty busy, so at this point I pull up a question or two occasionally and we discuss it. It is nice to have that time to talk and reflect about our relationship or how we think and feel. Definitely check it out, and it’s free! 3.     Limit texting/being on the phone all of the time. a.     Seriously though. You have stuff to do, so does your partner, so be where your feet are. I’m not saying never text them or have a strict limit but don’t spend your days texting away over nothing. Something that has worked for me is we don’t text too often but facetime here and there for brief times (I’m talking 2–3-minute calls) to check in, catch up, and show each other love. Not spending all day talking or texting makes the phone calls more fun and allows us to do our own thing but being confident in knowing we have each other. 4.     Communication!!!!!!! a.     Long distance is a little different because your partner will not always be able to know or tell how you are feeling, and they are not experiencing everything that you are. You will have to work a lot harder to communicate things going on and continuing to work on communication throughout the relationship is a commitment you will have to make. 5.     Just because you’re not physically together doesn’t mean you can’t have date nights. a.     Date nights to me are anything and everything. They can be staying in or going out, but they range so much in my opinion. For long distance, when we see each other, we call our little meals at 2 am when he picks me up from the airport a date. We watch movies or shows online together and use an online source to play them together or be on facetime to watch together. We have even had dinner dates on facetime, where we order for each other and then eat together, logistically this can be a little challenging with delivery timing, but it is so much fun to eat on facetime together. Turn all … Read more

A wrist ganglion, also known as a synovial cyst, is a fluid-filled lump that commonly appears on the back or front of the wrist. It is a benign condition, but it can cause discomfort or interfere with joint movement. Why does a wrist ganglion appear? A wrist ganglion forms when synovial fluid, which lubricates the joints and tendons, accumulates in an abnormal capsule or bursa. Although there is not always a clear cause, some factors may influence its appearance: Repetitive use of the wrist: Activities such as writing, typing, or playing sports can put stress on the joint. Previous injuries: A blow or sprain to the wrist can trigger the cyst’s formation. Arthritis: In some cases, osteoarthritis may be linked to the appearance of ganglions. Genetic factors: Some people have a hereditary predisposition to developing these cysts. Wrist Ganglion Symptoms Synovial cysts vary in size and can grow or shrink over time. Symptoms include: A visible, soft lump on the wrist. Pain or discomfort when moving the joint. A feeling of pressure or numbness if the ganglion presses on a nerve. Wrist Ganglion Treatments Treatment depends on the size of the cyst and whether it causes pain or limits movement. Some options include: 1. Observation If the ganglion is not painful or affecting mobility, doctors usually recommend doing nothing and just observing if it goes away on its own. 2. Immobilization Wearing a splint or wrist brace can reduce pressure on the joint and prevent the cyst from growing. 3. Aspiration A doctor can drain the fluid with a needle, but there is a chance the cyst could recur. 4. Surgery If the ganglion causes severe pain or limits mobility, it can be removed surgically. This procedure has a lower chance of recurrence. Conclusion A wrist ganglion is a benign condition, but if it causes discomfort, several treatments are available. Consulting a doctor is essential to determine the best option for each case.

As horrible as bed bugs are, you can rest assured that these pests were brought into the home from somewhere or someone else. In fact, a bed bug infestation has nothing to do with cleanliness. Instead, they are simply transferred from person to person and place to place. With this in mind, we will look at the most common ways in which homes and businesses become riddled with bed bugs. Most people get bed bugs from infested clothing, luggage, accessories and upholstered furniture which are bought into the home. These pests are hitchhikers and can easily travel between buildings as they go unnoticed by humans. Are you currently battling a bed bug invasion and wondering how this has happened? If so, then this article is for you. In this guide, we will explore answers to some of the most common questions people have about bed bugs and where they come from. Read on to find out more about these parasitic insects and how we at Malum can help you to get rid of them. Bed bugs are perhaps the most feared pest infestation ever. This parasitic insect is found around the world, and especially likes to wreak havoc in large cities across the UK. But beware, bed bugs can be found anywhere humans live. Human blood attracts bed bugs, causing them to enter our homes and share our living space! Due to the intrinsic and mysterious hiding nature of this pest, a bed bug problem is best addressed by a professional pest control company. Are you currently battling a bed bug infestation? Perhaps you have discovered tiny insects crawling around your bed and need verification of the species? Do you need help in figuring out where to begin when treating bed bugs? Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are a small, elusive insect that is reddish-brown in colour and around the size of a grain of rice. The bugs have six legs, no wings, two prominent black eyes, ridges across their shell, and a small beak apparatus at the end of the mouth for piercing skin and extracting blood meals. These insects do not live outdoors, in fact, the pests spend their entire lives inside of homes, businesses, and anywhere people regularly congregate. The bed bug is elusive and goes to great lengths to prevent being seen out in the open and discovered. Bed bugs are primarily nocturnal and prefer dark areas where humans sleep, since this allows the pests to come out and feed on human blood while the host is asleep. However, bed bugs can adapt and will mimic their hosts sleeping patterns – so if someone works shifts and snoozes all day then this is when a bed bug will feed! The bugs will build their nest in hidden spaces near human sleeping spots, such as underneath bed frames, the underside of a mattress, nightstands, and even in wall cracks near a bed. This pest lives on human blood and needs it to reproduce. After mating, and once engorged with blood, a female bed bug will lay eggs in the hiding spot that hatch into nymphs just 10 days later. Nymphs molt (shed skins) 5 times before reaching adulthood, with each molt requiring a blood meal. Bed bugs can live between 1-2 years in total, and according to the Environmental Protection Agency can even go upwards of 16 months without feeding. What is the main cause of bed bug infestations? Bed bug infestations are nothing short of a nightmare for homeowners. There is no way to sugarcoat this specific type of pest problem, as this species can be very difficult to destroy. The main cause of bed bugs inside the home is typically through the transfer of used furniture. Bed bugs can easily hide inside the seams of sofas, mattresses and soft furnishings, where they like to lie in wait for a viable new host/parasite dwelling. The paper-thin, flat bodies of these insects allow the species to take advantage of obscure hiding places, such as inside boxes of clutter, within electrical outlets and mattress linings – as long as they are kept close to where people sleep. After moving around your home, which is now the bugs’ new home too, these parasites will start to seek out body warmth and carbon dioxide emissions from breathing in order to find your sleep spot. A male and female almost always travel together, and once they locate a sleep spot, the bugs will feed and then find a dark and undisturbed area near or on the bed to nest, providing easy access to their host. The bugs will mate and females will begin to rapidly lay eggs continuously. Because bed bugs are so secretive, this cycle will build and build for days, weeks, and even months before people typically discover these pests. People typically come across a bed bug problem by noticing dark blood stains or rusty spots (fecal matter) on their bedding sheets, detecting bed bug bites or by finding live bugs when changing sheets or cleaning the area. Waking in the middle of the night, they may also find the bugs crawling on or near them. The longer the insects are left undisturbed and avoid detection, the larger the infestation becomes. Additionally, travel is one of the most typical ways in which people bring bugs into their home. If you stay in an infested hotel room or cruise ship cabin, these little pests can easily stow away in your belongings, purses, backpacks and luggage, bringing a whole new meaning to the phrase of being ‘bitten by the travel bug’. If your worst nightmare has come true and you have discovered some unwanted visitors roaming around your home, then contact Malum today! Where do bed bugs prefer to hide? When trying to find bed bugs, the mattress, box springs, and bed frames are the primary hiding areas. Other infested areas can include loose wallpaper, bedding and other fabrics like curtains, in addition to specific types of dwelling such as hotel … Read more

Top things to know about vaginas: The vagina connects the vulva to the cervix As you age, your vagina ages too! When you’re aroused, blood flows to the vagina to make it bigger, and more arousal fluid is produced People often use the term vagina to refer to the entire female genital region between the legs—but this is incorrect. Let’s first start with correcting this terminology. The vulva is the correct name for the external parts of the female genitalia. This includes the glans clitoris, labia minora and majora, opening of the urethra and vagina (the introitus), and the surrounding tissue. An illustration of the vulva and clitoris What is a vagina? The vagina is the tube between the vulva and the cervix. This tube is the connection between your uterus and the outside world. The vagina is what babies exit through during birth, and where menstrual blood exits through during your period. The vagina is also used for insertion, such as with a penis, fingers, female condoms, sex toys, tampons, or menstrual cups. The vagina can also act as a route to other parts of the body. During penis-vagina sex, ejaculate is deposited in the vagina, allowing sperm to enter the uterus through the cervix. The walls of the vagina can also be used as an administrative route for medications and contraceptives, such as intervaginal hormone creams, the hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring, or vaginal suppository medications. Anatomy of the vagina It may seem strange that an organ capable of passing an entire baby through it is also capable of holding a small tampon in place for hours. How does that tampon stay in there? If the vagina is just a tube, shouldn’t the tampon fall out? The vagina anatomy is much more than just a tube. When it is in a relaxed state (not aroused), the walls of the vagina are collapsed against each other, flattened by the pressure of the surrounding organs and tissues within the pelvis. During this state, a cross-section of the vaginal canal (the vaginal lumen) can resemble an “H” or a “W” shape, as the walls flatten against themselves (2). From the sides, the vagina offers movable support and pressure, which allow your tampon to stay in place (2,3). The walls of the vagina are covered by many folds called rugae (3). The walls and folds of the vagina have many purposes, providing both a barrier and access route between the cervix and the outside world. All of these folds allow the vagina to be stretched and expand like an accordion when pressure is applied to the sides (like when a baby’s head is passing through). The walls of the vagina are composed of different layers of tissue. The surface layers of the vaginal wall are made of mucosal tissue—similar to the tissue that lines your mouth, nose, and digestive tract. Underneath the mucosal tissue are layers of smooth muscle tissue, collagen, and elastin fibers, which gives vagina anatomy both structure and ability to stretch (4). Fluids are released through the walls of the vagina to keep the area moist, and during times of sexual arousal, to increase lubrication. The vagina is also capable of absorbing some substances—such as medications, hormonal creams, or contraceptives—into the body (3). How the vagina changes with age The vagina can change a lot throughout a person’s life (1,5). An average adult vagina is slightly curved, and can range between 7 to 12 cm in length (1,3,4)—but every body is different, and there’s no such thing as a too small or too large vagina. The vagina is strongly influenced by hormonal changes throughout the body. During the reproductive years after menarche (the first menstrual period) and before menopause, more layers of tissue are present lining the vagina, due to stimulation from higher estrogen levels in the body (3). The vagina is also influenced by changing hormone levels during pregnancy. Increased blood flow is directed to the pelvis, causing a deeper color change to the vulva and vagina (5). Throughout a pregnancy, the connective tissue of the vaginal walls progressively relaxes, in preparation for the delivery of a baby (5). After delivery, the vagina and vaginal opening temporarily widen, but 6-12 weeks post-delivery, the vagina returns to its pre-pregnancy size (5). icons Pregnancy, Birth & Postpartum Sex, fertility, and contraception after birth If you’re not sure how long to wait to have sex after… by Barbara Santen As people age, the walls of the vagina become more relaxed, and the diameter of the vagina becomes wider (1). When it comes to sexual satisfaction, vaginal size does not affect sexual function (6). The perception of vaginal tightness during sex is primarily related to the pelvic floor muscles, which are present around the base of the vagina and not actually how wide the vaginal canal is. After menopause, when estrogen is lower, the walls of the vagina become thinner and frailer, which can cause symptoms of vaginal dryness and decreased vaginal secretions (5). This may result in discomfort during sex and increase the chances of vaginal irritation or infection (5). How the vagina changes during the menstrual cycle The vagina also changes in response to hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle. Around mid-cycle, when estrogen is highest, vaginal tissue becomes thicker and fuller (5). The cervix, at the top of the vagina, moves and changes shape throughout the cycle. Before and after the fertile window, the cervix is low and can be felt in the vagina, with a firm texture, and the hole in the center of the cervix is closed. During the fertile window, the hole in the cervix opens to facilitate the entrance of sperm into the uterus (7), the cervix rises higher in the vagina, and is softer when touched (8).

In the bustling city of Orthovia, where healers and scholars gathered to study the marvels of the human body, there lived a young apprentice named Kira. Kira was particularly fascinated by the complexity of the wrist—a region where strength and dexterity converged. She spent her days in the grand Bone Hall, surrounded by intricate diagrams of carpal bones and delicate nerve pathways. One day, a weary craftsman named Rolan arrived at the Bone Hall seeking help. His right hand trembled, and sharp pain pierced his wrist whenever he tried to work. Kira examined his wrist carefully, tracing the path of the median nerve that ran through the narrow carpal tunnel. She recognized the signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—a condition caused by the compression of the median nerve, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness. Determined to help Rolan, Kira devised a plan. She fashioned a splint to keep his wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the nerve. She also taught him stretching exercises to improve flexibility and ease the strain. Over time, Rolan’s pain diminished, and he returned to his craft with renewed vigor. As Kira’s reputation grew, so did the complexity of the cases she encountered. One day, an elderly scribe named Elara sought her counsel. Elara’s wrist was swollen, stiff, and painful, especially in the mornings. Kira recognized these symptoms as osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition where the cartilage cushioning the bones wore away, causing friction and inflammation. With compassion, Kira crafted a regimen for Elara that combined warm compresses, gentle joint exercises, and herbal salves to soothe the pain. Though the damage could not be undone, Elara found relief and was able to continue chronicling the city’s history. Through these experiences, Kira learned that the wrist, though small, was a gateway to both ability and affliction. Her dedication to understanding its mysteries not only restored the hands of many but also earned her a place among the greatest healers of Orthovia. Her legacy lived on, inspiring future generations to cherish and care for the intricate architecture of the human body.”

Find out not just how to keep those Valentine’s Day fires burning, but why Taylor, counsellor at Izumi Therapy in Nanaimo, said making time for a partner is probably the healthiest thing couples can do for their relationship and well-being. “We talk about the importance of eating healthy and exercising but there’s some research that says 15 minutes of working on your relationship a day would do more for your cardiovascular health than an hour of aerobic activity at the gym because you get rid of all the stress hormones that are so bad for you,” Taylor said. RELATED: Vancouver Island retailers share the love around Valentine’s Day Taylor added that romance is something that people should add everyday to their relationship. “Add as much as you can,” he said. Taylor said every positive act couples do for each other in a relationship is romance. “The difference between a romantic relationship and a friendship is that you realize and recognize your partners vulnerabilities and what they need to fill them up and you kind of go that extra level to meet those,” he said. According to the online blog, Health Fitness Revolution, romantic relationships can be a ticket to good health. In a post about the connection between health and romance, the author writes that there are chemical processes in the brain that affect how we feel. When we’re with a significant other, the body releases hormones, like oxytocin and dopamine, that signal feelings of trust, pleasure, and reward. It states that “In one study, researchers found people’s blood pressure was lower when they were with a romantic partner than when they were interacting with anyone else.” Taylor said one of the best ways to strengthen an emotional connection with a partner is to be an empathetic listener. “If your partner gets home and says ‘I can’t believe my boss yelled at me, I was five minutes late for work.’ You don’t say, ‘well of course you were late you didn’t get up.’ You have empathy and say ‘that’s really tough tell me about it,’” he said. If the emotional stuff is working well, Taylor said other aspects in a relationship become easier. He said it’s important to have both sexual and non-sexual connections but that an emotional component should come first. Valentine’s Day can be a day for couples to be extra romantic, but Taylor said it can also be a difficult day for couples who have little romance in their relationships. “The expectation is too unrealistic for the day to fix it,” he said. “A good relationship means the job is important and the kids are important but we’re important too. The importance of a couple putting [making time for each other] in their schedule and making time everyday is just as important as getting to work on time,” Taylor said.

When experiencing pain, some people tend to ignore it and avoid seeking medical help for so long that they eventually get used to living with it. However, it is crucial to address any pain as soon as possible, especially if it persists over time.What we should understand is that our body warns us when something isn’t right; we just need to listen to it.Below are some types of pain that may seem minor but can lead to more serious issues if left untreated: 1. Painful Urination If you experience pain while urinating and feel the urge to urinate more often or suddenly and urgently, it could be a sign of a urinary tract infection. These infections are mostly caused by bacteria from stool entering the urinary tract, but they can also result from kidney stones, prostate issues in men, urinary catheters, a weakened immune system, or not drinking enough fluids.2. Leg Pain with SwellingThrobbing pain in your thigh or lower leg accompanied by swelling, redness, and warmth may indicate Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). This can lead to a more serious condition known as pulmonary embolism when a blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. This is a type of pain that should be addressed promptly.3. Throat PainWhen swallowing feels like you’re gargling sand, it’s time to take action. This type of pain may be a sign of tonsil stones or strep throat, both of which are treatable, but if left unchecked, it can lead to complications. If you experience swelling, fever, or a more hoarse-than-usual voice, consult a healthcare provider.4. Chest PainChest pain refers to any pain felt in the chest area—from the shoulders to the bottom of the ribs. This pain can sometimes be a symptom of a heart attack or other heart conditions, especially when accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, or cold sweats.5. Severe HeadacheEveryone has experienced a headache at some point. While some headaches can be caused by stress, other types of head pain may be related to more serious conditions such as hemorrhagic stroke, aneurysm, meningitis, or migraines. If the headache is accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, confusion, or seeing spots, it might be time to visit a doctor.6. Sharp Lower Back PainAccording to Healthline, “A stabbing pain in the lower right back can have many causes, such as endometriosis in females, prostatitis in males, or issues like muscle strain or sciatica.” It could also result from kidney stones, a herniated disk, or an injury from sports or lifting heavy objects. If the pain doesn’t go away after a few days, consult a doctor.7. Pelvic PainThe most common causes of pelvic pain in women are period pain, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts. In some cases, this pain can be related to more serious conditions such as ectopic pregnancy, womb cancer, or ovarian cancer. In men, pelvic pain is mostly caused by prostatitis, a condition affecting the prostate.If any pain you experience causes discomfort and persists, it is best to consult a doctor and seek medical help.Disclaimer: This information is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician or healthcare provider with any questions about your health or medications. Do not disregard professional advice based on this information.Please SHARE this article with your family and friends on Facebook!Read more: Horoscopes for each zodiac sign for today 👇Aries (March 21 – April 19): Today, focus on personal growth and self-belief. Embrace opportunities that challenge you, whether in your career or personal life. Trust your instincts and take bold steps toward your goals.Taurus (April 20 – May 20): Your social life is set to flourish. Engage in activities that connect you with others and seek out new experiences. This is a great time to strengthen existing relationships and form new ones.Gemini (May 21 – June 20): Career advancements are on the horizon. Showcase your skills and don’t hesitate to take on leadership roles. Your innovative ideas will be well-received, paving the way for future success.Cancer (June 21 – July 22): Embrace new learning opportunities. Whether through travel, education, or exploring different cultures, expanding your horizons will bring personal fulfillment and growth.Leo (July 23 – August 22): Focus on personal transformation and deepening emotional connections. Reflect on your desires and take steps to achieve meaningful change in your life.Virgo (August 23 – September 22): Partnerships take center stage today. Collaborate with others to achieve common goals, and be open to compromise. Strengthening these bonds will lead to mutual success.Libra (September 23 – October 22): Prioritize health and well-being. Implement balanced routines and consider new fitness activities. Taking care of yourself will enhance your energy and productivity.Scorpio (October 23 – November 21): Creative pursuits are favored today. Engage in activities that ignite your passion and allow self-expression. This is also a favorable time for romantic endeavors.Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21): Home and family matters take precedence. Consider making improvements to your living space or spending quality time with loved ones. Nurturing these relationships brings comfort and joy.Capricorn (December 22 – January 19): Communication is key today. Share your ideas and listen to others to foster understanding and collaboration. Short trips or learning new skills can provide fresh perspectives.Aquarius (January 20 – February 18): Focus on financial matters and personal values. Assess your resources and make informed decisions to ensure stability and growth.Pisces (February 19 – March 20): With the Sun entering your sign, it’s a time for self-reflection and setting personal intentions. Embrace your individuality and pursue paths that align with your true self.