The first sign of vitamin B12 deficiency is often tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, commonly felt as a “pins and needles” sensation. This occurs because B12 is essential for maintaining healthy nerve cells and producing myelin, the protective sheath around nerves. When B12 levels drop, nerve function can be impaired, leading to early symptoms like tingling, numbness, or weakness in the extremities.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and cognitive issues like memory loss or difficulty concentrating. The deficiency can result from poor dietary intake (especially in vegans), malabsorption issues (e.g., pernicious anemia), or certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption.
Early detection is important because untreated B12 deficiency can lead to serious neurological damage or anemia. Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to measure B12 levels, and treatment may include dietary changes, B12 supplements, or injections, depending on the cause and severity.
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