1. Heartburn & Acid Reflux: Stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation (as shown in the woman drinking water with an arrow indicating esophageal irritation).
2. Chest or Abdominal Discomfort: Pressure or pain in the upper abdomen or chest, often felt when the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm (illustrated by the man holding his chest with red highlighting).
3. Difficulty Swallowing: Food or liquids may feel stuck, leading to discomfort while drinking or eating.
4. Regurgitation: Food or acid can come back up into the mouth, sometimes causing a sour taste or belching (depicted by the man exhaling smoke, indicating reflux).
5. Abdominal Pain: Localized pain around the stomach area, shown with a highlighted stomach in the lower right image.
Types of Hiatal Hernia
– Sliding Hiatal Hernia: The most common type, where the stomach and esophageal junction slide into the chest.
– Paraesophageal Hernia: Part of the stomach squeezes beside the esophagus, potentially causing more severe complications.
Management & Treatment
– Lifestyle Changes: Avoid large meals, elevate the head while sleeping, reduce fatty or acidic foods.
– Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid reflux.
– Surgery: In severe cases, surgical repair (hiatus hernia repair) may be needed to reposition the stomach.
