Testicular Anatomy & Cancer Overview
The testicles (testes) are oval organs located in the scrotum, responsible for sperm production and hormone secretion. They are supplied by blood vessels and contain seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs. The left side of the image shows a normal testicle with intact vascularization (red and blue vessels) and a smooth capsule.
Pathological Changes in Testicular Cancer
The right side depicts a testicle with cancer, characterized by:
– An abnormal, enlarged mass replacing normal tissue.
– Disrupted vascular network and possible invasion of tumor-associated vessels.
– Loss of the regular tubular structure due to neoplastic growth.
Types & Symptoms
Testicular cancer commonly affects young men and can present as a painless lump, swelling, or heaviness in the scrotum. Major types include seminoma and non-seminoma tumors.
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis involves ultrasound, tumor marker tests (e.g., AFP, hCG), and biopsy. Treatment typically includes surgical removal (orchiectomy), chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on stage and type.
Prevention & Awareness
Regular self-examination is recommended for early detection. Awareness of changes in testicular size, shape, or texture can lead to timely medical consultation.
